Blood groups

Blood Groups

Blood Group                                               Antigen                                                          Antibody

1. A                                                             A                                                                    Anti B
2. B                                                             B                                                                     Anti A 
3. AB                                                           AB                                                                 NIL
4. O                                                              NIL                                                        Anti A Anti B       

For Safe Blood Transfusion it's neccessary that donor's antigen shouldn't match with the reciepient's antibody...

If the antigen matches with the antibody then, blood transfusion reaction would occur,due to which the blood cells will stick together,causing the person to die,in some minutes.

According to RHO system blood groups are also positive and negative.
So,
According to ABO and RHO system,
Blood groups are of the following type-

1. A+,A-
2. B+,B-
3. O+
4. AB+,AB-

Ehroblastosis fetalis
Its a disease which occurs when a RH+ blood group marries a RH- blood group.
In this,the delivery of the first baby is safe.The first baby would always have a RH+ blood group,its a fact RH+ AND RH- offspring would have a RH+ blood group.
But after the first delivery the mother's body would start producing antibodies against RH,so if the next time the mother gets pregnant,then the baby would get killed in the embroyitic stage,as the antibodies will pass through placenta and react with the blood cells of the baby.

High Order thinking Questions.
Q.Is it safe for a blood group A+ to give blood to a blood group A-?
A:Yes it would be safe but only for the first time.As for the first time there wouldn't be any antibodies already against A+ blood group,but this would alert the body and the body will start producing antibodies against it.So if by the next time the person requires blood,he cant be give A- blood group blood's as it would lead to blood transfusion reaction,followed by death.

To Be Continued.......

NOTES FOR TISSUES CLASS 9TH

Tissues class 9th

                                                       TISSUES

Please appreciate them-

https://youtu.be/4TDCQ1P-g4M

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Too much fun!

GOOGLE SCIENCE FAIR!

Hey guys this was just to inform that google science fair is here.So how many of you are willing to participate?

IN VITRO FERTILISATION

IN VITRO FERTILISATION - THE TYPE OF FERTILISATION CARRIED OUT OF THE FEMALE BODY DUE TO DEFECT IN MALE OR FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM,UNDER SPECIAL LAB CONDITION.(PROBABLY DISCUSSED IN THE CLASS:;)


REASONS IT IS CARRIED OUT - 

• Fallopian tube damage or blockage. Fallopian tube damage or blockage makes it difficult for an egg to be fertilized or for an embryo to travel to the uterus.
• Ovulation disorders. If ovulation is infrequent or absent, fewer eggs are available for fertilization.
• Premature ovarian failure. Premature ovarian failure is the loss of normal ovarian function before age 40. If your ovaries fail, they don't produce normal amounts of the hormone estrogen or have eggs to release regularly.
• Endometriosis. Endometriosis occurs when the uterine tissue implants and grows outside of the uterus — often affecting the function of the ovaries, uterus and fallopian tubes.
• Uterine fibroids. Fibroids are benign tumors in the wall of the uterus and are common in women in their 30s and 40s. Fibroids can interfere with implantation of the fertilized egg.
• Previous tubal sterilization or removal. If you've had tubal ligation — a type of sterilization in which your fallopian tubes are cut or blocked to permanently prevent pregnancy — and want to conceive, IVF may be an alternative to tubal ligation reversal.
• Impaired sperm production or function. Below-average sperm concentration, weak movement of sperm (poor mobility), or abnormalities in sperm size and shape can make it difficult for sperm to fertilize an egg. If semen abnormalities are found, your partner might need to see a specialist to determine if there are correctable problems or underlying health concerns.
• Unexplained infertility. Unexplained infertility means no cause of infertility has been found despite evaluation for common causes.
• Fertility preservation for cancer or other health conditions. If you're about to start cancer treatment — such as radiation  — that could harm your fertility, IVF for fertility preservation may be an option. Women can have eggs harvested from their ovaries and frozen in an unfertilized state for later use. Or the eggs can be fertilized and frozen as embryos for future use. Women who don't have a functional uterus or for whom pregnancy poses a serious health risk might choose IVF using another person to carry the pregnancy (gestational carrier). In this case, the woman's eggs are fertilized with sperm, but the resulting embryos are placed in the gestational carrier's uterus.

GLOSSARY - 

• FIBROIDS - ARE TYPE OF BARRIER BETWEEN THE URETUS AND EGG.
• GESTATIONAL CARRIER - *IN ANOTHER PERSON UTERUS.
• DUE TO MALES ALSO , IVF AN BE CARRIED OUT.

**SORRY FOR THE DELAY:)
STAY TUNED FOR MORE!!

HAPPY NEW YEAR

 I WISH YOU ALL A HAPPY NEW YEAR...:)