ENDOCRINE AND EXOCRINE GLANDS

ENDOCRINE GLANDS- Are the glands which discharge their secretions directly into blood.They are also called ductless glands.

EXOCRINE GLANDS -Are the glands which send their secretions through vessels or ducts.They are also called duct glands.

                                                  DIFFERRNCES

EXOCRINE GLANDS

• They may or may not have ducts.
• The secretion is poured directly at the site of action or reaches the target
•  They secrete enzymes
• They control short term activty.
• Example : Gastric gland, Salivary gland and Sweat glands 

ENDOCRINE GLANDS

1. These are ductless glands

2.They secrete hormones.

3.They control long term of target organs.

4.Example : Thyroid gland, Pituitary and adrenals 

                                                   ENDOCRINE GLANDS

In human body there are following glands: Pituitary,thyroid,parathyroid,adernal and pancreatic glands. 

Pitutary gland - Located just below the brain.It regulates functioning of all other glands .So it is called the master gland.

It secretes the following hormones-

1. Thyroid simulating gland-Which simulates the growth and functions of Thyroid gland.
2. Growth Hormone- Which regulates physical growth of body. Oversecretion of this result in gigantism and little secretions results in drawfism.
3. Prolactin-Which simulates  mammary glands in the breast to secrete milk.
4. Vasopressin-Which regulates blood pressure by regulating the amount of water reabsorbed by kidney.
5. Oxytocin-Which helps women during child"s birth.(Secretion of uretha)
6. Interstitial cell simulating hormone-It is secreted by anterior lobe of pitiutory gland.It simulates the secretion of testosterone in testis and Estrogen in ovary.
7. Lactogenic hormone-It is secreted by anterior lobe of pitiutiary gland .It simulates the production of milk in mammals.It contains a molecule each of glucose and galactose.

Thyroid gland -Located at the base of throat attached to windpipe.It secretes the following hormones-

1. Thyroxin- Which regulates the physical and mental growth,and controls blood cholestrol and metabolism of carbohydrates,fats and protiens in our body.Iodine is essential for synthesis of thyroxin.Deficiency of iodine results in a disease called goitre,one of the symptoms of which is swollen neck.
2. Calictonin-Which maintains calcium level in our body.

Parathyroid glands-They are located behind the larynx,behind the thyroid gland.There are four tiny glands,two on each of the two lobes of thyroid.They secrete Para thyroid hormone (PTH) which regulates calcium and phosphate level in body.

Adernal gland-Adernal glands are two ,located one on each kidney.They produce hormone adrenalin and four other hormones called corticoids.All these hormones regulates heart beat,breathing rate ,blood pressure,carbohydrate and metabolism and water balance in food.Under stress or fear ,secretion from adernal glands increases and results in heavy sweating and lowering of body temprature.

Pancreas-It is both exocrine as well as endocrine gland.It is located near liver.As a exocrine gland it secretes digestive juices.As an endocrine gland it secretes hormone insulin and glucagon.The endocrine part of pancreas consists of a separate cluster of cells.This separate cluster is called  islets of langerhans.Insulin hormone is secreted by the beta cells of islets of langerhans.Insulin reduces blood glucose level. Glucagon hormone is secreted by islets of langerhans.Glucagon increases the blood glucose level.